FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT

A forest is an area that is overgrown with dense by trees and other plants. Forest land use system is closed and there is no human intervention, the inclusion of human interests such as harvesting limited to subsystem does not interfere with the function of forests and forest. Population pressure and increasing economic pressures, resulting in more intensive harvesting (logging). Deforestation is also done for the benefit of others, for example, to turn into farms or plantations. As a result of these forest disturbances will cause changes in the function of the forest. These changes put more emphasis towards economic function by ignoring social functions or ecological function.

Concept wise forest management , should restore the function of the overall forest ( ecological function , the social function and economic functions ) with more emphasis on the role of government , the role of public and private roles . The steps that the synergy of the three components ( government , public and private ) will realize the function that creates the overall forest protection and forest conservation

The development of forestry development in the past , has changed the face of many of Indonesia's forests . Forest fires , illegal logging , shifting cultivation , and the decline in biodiversity is a story attached to the Indonesian forests . These phenomena have affected the life story of a nation in the international community . Damage to the ecosystem one can further impact the flow between ecosystems and other ecosystems around it . Especially for community mangrove / mangrove and seagrass , severe disturbance by human activity means that the damage and destruction of ecosystems . Forest damage induced by human needs and developing more and more , resulting in the things that can damage the Indonesian forests .

Forests are not only beneficial to the animal species , plant species , or certain ethnic groups meninggalinya alone . There are at least three benefits of forests to the global influence of the earth as a wider habitat . Three of these benefits are : forests as a water catchment ; forest as a giant umbrella ; forests as the lungs of the world , and as - container - forest - primary needs .

Forests are not only beneficial to the animal species , plant species , or certain ethnic groups meninggalinya alone . There are at least three benefits of forests to the global influence of the earth as a wider habitat . Three of these benefits are : forests as a water catchment ; forest as a giant umbrella ; forests as the lungs of the world , and as - container - forest - primary needs .

As the water catchment places , the forest is an area retaining and effective water catchment area . The amount of humus layer berporipori and many roots hold the soil function , optimal use of forest function as water catchment areas and the barrier .

Forest damage can lead to disruption of the forest as a water-retaining function . Area and surrounding habitats degraded forests and even then at times can be drowned flood . In addition , damage hutanpun will make the forest as a function of catchment area disturbed . The absence of these catchment areas of water scarcity can lead to a clean and hygienic , or water siappakai . In addition to its function as a water catchment , forest function as a ' giant umbrella ' . Meeting of the distance between plants with other plants , as well as the average height of the tree in all its location , handy to protect the soil surface from water pouring rain .

Without ' giant umbrella ' of this , friable soil that receives high rainfall will gradually eroded and eroded . So , with that , will sekitarnyapun areas prone to landslide hazards . If the benefits of forest as catchment areas associated with the equilibrium conditions of the water , when its function as a ' giant umbrella ' associated with the condition of the soil surface , then as the ' lungs of the world ' hutanpun ' responsible ' for the balance of temperature and climate

Look at the location , forest earth is divided into three major groups : tropical forest , temperate forest ( temperate ) , and boreal forest . Brazil and Indonesia is the country with the largest area of ​​tropical forest acreage in the world . Indonesian forest land area alone is 140.3 million hectares , with details : 30.8 million hectares of protected forests ; 18.8 million hectares of natural reserves and national parks ; 64.3 million hectares of production forests ; 26.6 million hectares of forest allocated to be converted into agricultural land , housing , resettlement and so forth . Of the data and the details , meaning about 54 % of the total land area of our country is forest .

Damage to the ecosystem one can further impact the flow between ecosystems and other ecosystems around it . Forest damage induced by human needs and developing more and more , resulting in the things that can damage the Indonesian forests Forest management is essential for preservation and conservation for many forest functions such as the following :1 . Prevent erosion in the presence of forest , rain water does not directly fall to the ground surface , and can be absorbed by plant roots .2 . Economic resources , through the provision of wood , sap , flowers , animals , and so on .3 . Germplasm resources ; diversity of animals and plants in the forest allows obtaining gene diversity .4 . Maintain water balance in the rainy season and dry season .

With the formation of humus in the forest , the soil becomes loose . Loose soil is able to hold rain water that seeped into the soil , water infiltration will be retained by the tree roots . Thus , in the rainy season the water is not excessive , while in seasondrought , lakes , rivers , wells and so no water shortage . In exploiting plant resources , especially forests , need to pay attention to the following matters :1 . Do not cut trees in the forest with arbitrary ( clear-cutting ) .2 . Forest logging carried out by a well-planned system of selective logging ( selective logging ) . That is , the tree is cut down old trees of a certain size have been determined.3 . How logging must be implemented in such a way so as not to damage the young trees in the vicinity.4 . Reforestation ( reforestation ) , the reforesting of forest is already damaged .5 . Implement afforestation , which are not reforesting areas of forest to replace the forest area used for other purposes .6 . Preventing forest fires

 Damage to forests is logging activity , an activity that is detrimental to the condition of the forest after logging , because outside of the existing plan . Damage to our forests fueled by high world market demand for timber , the widespread conversion of forests into oil palm plantations , corruption and there is no recognition of the rights of the people in forest management . Forest damage negative and positive impacts .Forest is something that can not be separated from the lives of most people of Indonesia , because forests provide a source of life for us all . Forests produce water and oxygen as a component that is necessary for human life . Similarly with other forest products provide various benefits to people's lives . Human needs are increasing and evolving , forest damage triggered by things that happen that can damage the Indonesian forests .

Damage to forests is logging activity , an activity that is detrimental to the condition of the forest after logging , because outside of the existing plan . Indonesian forest destruction triggered by the world market demand for timber , the widespread conversion of forests into oil palm plantations , corruption and there is no recognition of the rights of the people in forest management . Forest destruction and the negative and positive impacts .

The factors that led to the destruction of forests , among others :a. Forest damage due to intentional human actions .b . Forest damage due to animals and the environment .c . Forest damage due to pests and diseases .

Model of forest management in the medium and long term is done by creating a Master Plan for Forest Management, the drafting process involving all relevant elements ( local governments , communities and forestry ) . The master plan is based on the preparation of forest management system Social Forestry , hoping to realize : sustainable forest protection , forest preservation and the role of keeping forests as a counterweight environment .

A forest is an area that is overgrown with dense by trees and other plants . Damage to forests is logging activity , an activity that damages forests after logging conditions , because outside of the existing plan . Damage to our forests fueled by high world market demand for timber , the widespread conversion of forests into oil palm plantations , corruption and there is no recognition of the rights of the people in forest management .

Destruction of forests has led to changes in the nutrient content of the soil and loss of topsoil erosion surface that encourages and brings nutrient essential for growth stands . The opening editorial support iokut endless ocean of fertile topsoil and carry litter as well as deposits of protective nutrients prior to decomposition by soil organisms . Forest destruction , if there perubahan.yang interfere negatively affect forest function , ie, the presence of illegal logging ( illegal logging ) causes deforestation , flooding , soil lonsor , people's lives are so disrupted by forest tumpuhan and his life does not mean living longer and difficulties in its economy.Concept wise forest management , should restore the function of the overall forest ( ecological function , the social function and economic functions ) with more emphasis on the role of government , the role of public and private roles . The steps that the synergy of the three components ( government , public and private ) will realize the function that creates the overall forest protection and forest conservation .